One parent produces offspring that are near-exact genetic copies of itself — seen in bacteria, yeast, hydra, and many plants.
Two parents each contribute genetic material — offspring inherit a mix of traits, creating variation between generations.
A stem piece is planted directly in soil, and grows roots of its own — as with sugarcane.
A stem piece from one plant is fitted onto a rooted plant of another variety.
A twig is bent and buried while still attached to the parent, then cut free once it roots.
In yeast and hydra, a small bud enlarges and separates. Fungi release millions of spores that germinate wherever moisture allows.
Every asexual method relies on mitosis — offspring carry the exact same chromosome number and genetic makeup as the parent.
Protects the flower while it's still a bud.
Attracts pollinators with colour and fragrance.
The male part — produces pollen grains.
The female part — its ovary holds the egg cell.
Pollen moves to the stigma of the same flower, or another flower on the same plant.
Pollen travels to a flower on a different plant of the same species — carried by wind, water, insects, or birds.
Eggs and sperm are released into water, as in frogs and most fish. Many eggs are laid, but survival is low.
Fertilisation occurs inside the female's body, as in reptiles, birds, and mammals — fewer eggs, but higher survival.
The testes produce sperm; the vas deferens carries it to the urethra, the shared passage with urine.
The ovaries produce eggs; fertilisation occurs in the oviducts, and the uterus is where a foetus develops.
New plants grow from stems, roots, or leaves — no seeds.
Asexual reproduction in yeast, hydra, and fungi.
Cell division that halves the chromosome number to form gametes.
Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma.
Fusion of male and female gametes, forming a zygote.
Gametes meet outside / inside the female's body.
Release of a mature egg from the ovary.
Monthly shedding of the uterine lining, if no fertilisation occurs.