Observed cork under a microscope, and was first to use the word “cell,” after its honeycomb compartments.
Built even better lenses, the first to see bacteria and blood cells — the “Father of Microbiology.”
The outer boundary that controls what enters and leaves.
Regulates the cell's activities and growth.
The fluid where most life processes happen.
Has a cell wall, nucleus, and chloroplasts in green parts.
Has a nucleus, but no cell wall or chloroplasts.
Has a cell wall, but a nucleoid instead of a true nucleus.
Spindle-shaped, built for contraction.
Long and branched, to carry messages quickly.
Thin and flat, forming a protective lining.
Tiny organisms not visible to the naked eye — found in pond water, soil, air, and even inside our bodies.
Microscopic but acellular — they can only multiply inside a living cell, and may cause disease.
Microbes decompose plant and animal waste into nutrient-rich manure.
Rhizobium bacteria in legume root nodules fix nitrogen from the air, enriching the soil.
Releases carbon dioxide, making bread dough rise.
Ferments milk into curd, and helps make idli and dosa batter.
Bacteria decomposing waste without oxygen produce methane fuel.
The basic structural and functional unit of life.
Regulates the cell / where life processes occur.
Increasing levels of body organisation.
Made of one cell / made of many cells.
An organism too small to see with the naked eye.
An acellular agent that reproduces only inside a host cell.
Breakdown of waste into nutrient-rich substances by microbes.
Trapping atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form.