NCERT Curiosity · Class 7 · Science
Life Processes in Plants
Animals eat food to grow — but a plant makes its own, using nothing more than sunlight, water, and air.
Photosynthesis Stomata Transport Respiration
Key idea
How Plants Grow
Three potted plants, three different conditions.

Sunlight + water

Grew best of all three.

Sunlight, no water

The plant likely died.

Dark + water

Grew poorly despite water.

Key idea
Leaves: The Food Factories

Chlorophyll

The green pigment that captures sunlight — why most leaves are green.

Starch

The carbohydrate form in which plants store their food.

Key idea
The Iodine Test, and Carbon Dioxide
The iodine test

A leaf turns blue-black with iodine only where there's chlorophyll and sunlight.

CO2 is essential

A leaf part sealed away from carbon dioxide doesn't form starch — the exposed part does.

Key idea
Carbon dioxide + Water (sunlight, chlorophyll) → Glucose + Oxygen
Glucose is used instantly for energy, or converted to starch for storage.
Key idea
A glowing matchstick relights near a sunlit water plant.
Proof that the gas released by photosynthesis is oxygen.
Key idea
Gas Exchange and Transport

Stomata

Tiny pores, usually on the leaf's underside, letting gases move in and out.

Xylem & phloem

Xylem carries water upward; phloem carries food to the rest of the plant.

Key idea
Respiration in Plants

Even in the dark

Germinating seeds turn lime water milky — proof they respire, without any light at all.

Every part respires

Green or not, every part of a plant releases energy for growth through respiration.

Key idea
Photosynthesis vs Respiration
Photosynthesis

Uses carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight — makes food and releases oxygen.

Respiration

Uses glucose and oxygen — releases carbon dioxide, water, and energy for growth.

Chapter · key terms to remember
Key Terms

Chlorophyll

The green pigment that captures sunlight.

Starch

The stored form of a plant's food.

Photosynthesis

Making food using sunlight, CO2, and water.

Chapter · key terms to remember
More Key Terms

Stomata

Tiny pores for gas exchange on a leaf.

Xylem

Carries water and minerals upward.

Phloem

Carries food to the rest of the plant.

Chapter · key terms to remember
More Key Terms

Respiration

Releasing energy from glucose using oxygen.

Glucose

The simple sugar made by photosynthesis.

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