NCERT Curiosity · Class 6 · Science
Materials Around Us
A steel tumbler, a plastic tumbler, a glass tumbler — same object, three different materials, three different feels.
Grouping Materials Properties Mass and Volume What Is Matter
Key idea
Observing Objects Around Us
Any substance used to create an object is called a material. Grouping objects by a shared property is called classification.

Same object, different materials

A tumbler can be steel, plastic, or glass — the choice depends on the object's purpose.

An ancient craft

Indian pottery-making goes back 7,000–8,000 years — clay shaped and baked into terracotta.

Key idea
Lustrous and Non-lustrous
Lustrous

A shiny surface — usually metals, like iron, copper, zinc, aluminium, and gold.

Non-lustrous

No shine — paper, wood, rubber, jute. Not everything shiny is a metal, though — some things are just polished.

Key idea
Hard and Soft Materials
Hard

Difficult to compress or scratch — stone, iron.

Soft

Compresses or scratches easily — sponge, eraser. Hardness is relative: rubber beats sponge, but loses to iron.

Key idea
Transparent, Translucent, and Opaque

Transparent

See clearly through it — glass, water, air.

Translucent

See through it, but not clearly — butter paper, frosted glass.

Opaque

Nothing can be seen through it — wood, cardboard, metal.

Key idea
Soluble and Insoluble
Soluble

Completely dissolves in water — sugar, salt. Even oxygen gas dissolves in water, vital for aquatic life.

Insoluble

Does not dissolve in water — sand, chalk powder, sawdust.

Key idea
Mass and Volume

Mass

Tells whether an object is heavier or lighter. Commonly measured using a balance.

Volume

The amount of space an object occupies — shown by water level in identical tumblers.

Key idea
Anything that occupies space and has mass is called matter.
Mass is measured in grams or kilograms; volume in litres or millilitres.
Mass in g / kg Volume in L / mL Ayurveda's 20 gunas
Chapter · key terms to remember
Key Terms

Material

Any substance used to create an object.

Classification

Grouping by a shared property.

Lustrous / Non-lustrous

Shiny / not shiny.

Chapter · key terms to remember
More Key Terms

Hard / Soft

Hard to / easy to compress or scratch.

Transparent / Opaque

Clear to see through / not at all.

Translucent

Partly, unclearly see-through.

Chapter · key terms to remember
More Key Terms

Soluble / Insoluble

Dissolves / does not dissolve in water.

Matter

Anything with mass that occupies space.

Opening

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