NCERT Curiosity · Class 6 · Science
Beyond Earth
In Nubra, Ladakh, the night sky shows thousands of stars — each one far away, yet their patterns look strangely familiar.
Stars and Constellations The Planets The Moon The Milky Way
Key idea
Stars and Constellations
Ancient people saw patterns of stars as shapes of animals and characters — useful for navigation before the compass.

Orion the Hunter

Three stars form his belt. Nearby, Canis Major holds Sirius, the brightest star in the night sky.

The Pole Star

Found using the Big Dipper (Saptarishi) — it appears almost stationary in the north.

Key idea
Watching the Night Sky

Light pollution

Excessive artificial light and dust reduce the number of visible stars, especially in cities.

Sky-mapping apps

Apps like Sky Map and Stellarium identify stars, constellations, and planets from wherever you stand.

Key idea
150M km
The Sun is only about 100 times bigger than Earth — it just looks far brighter than other stars because it's so much closer to us.
Key idea
Inner and Outer Planets
Inner · rocky

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars — smaller, with solid rocky surfaces.

Outer · gas giants

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune — much larger, made mostly of gas and ice, with rings.

Key idea
Venus, Mars, and Earth

Venus

The “Morning / Evening Star” — bright near sunrise or sunset, though not really a star.

Mars

The Red Planet — its soil has a reddish colour.

Earth

The Blue Planet — most of its surface is covered by water.

Key idea
The Moon and India's Chandrayaan Missions

The Moon

Earth's natural satellite, taking about 27 days to revolve around Earth. Its craters are preserved — there's no atmosphere to erode them.

Chandrayaan-3

Soft-landed near the Moon's south pole on 23 August 2023 — now celebrated as National Space Day.

Key idea
Asteroids and Comets

Asteroids

Small, rocky, irregular objects orbiting the Sun, mostly in the belt between Mars and Jupiter.

Comets

Icy, dusty objects with long tails. Halley's Comet appears every 76 years — last seen in 1986.

Key idea
The Milky Way and the Universe
Solar System
Sun, planets, moons, asteroids, comets
→
Milky Way
Our home galaxy — billions of stars
→
The Universe
Everything — countless galaxies beyond our own
Chapter · key terms to remember
Key Terms

Constellation

A region of sky with a recognizable star pattern.

Planet

A large, near-spherical object orbiting the Sun.

Satellite / Moon

An object orbiting a larger one; Earth's natural satellite.

Chapter · key terms to remember
More Key Terms

Asteroid

A small, rocky object orbiting the Sun.

Comet

An icy object with a long tail, orbiting the Sun.

Galaxy

A huge collection of stars — ours is the Milky Way.

Chapter · key terms to remember
More Key Terms

Revolution / Rotation

Orbiting a body / spinning on one's own axis.

Light pollution

Artificial light that hides stars from view.

Opening

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