NCERT Curiosity · Class 6 · Science
Nature's Treasures
Fresh air, fertile soil, abundant sunlight — a village near the Western Ghats has plenty to remind us what nature freely gives.
Air, Water, Sun Forests Fossil Fuels Renewable Resources
Key idea
Air
A mixture of gases — mostly nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%). We can survive days without food, but only minutes without oxygen.

Wind

Moving air — gentle as a breeze or strong as a storm.

Wind energy

Windmill farms harness moving air to generate electricity.

Key idea
Water
Water covers two-thirds of Earth, but most of it — in oceans — is saline and unusable directly.

Conserving it

Rainwater harvesting and traditional stepwells (Bawadi, Vav) store water for later use.

Pollution

Dumping waste into water sources makes water unfit for use.

Key idea
Energy from the Sun
The Sun is the main source of energy on Earth — energy passes from the Sun to plants to animals.

Plants make food

Using sunlight, starting the food chain that feeds everything else.

Using it directly

Solar cookers, solar water heaters, and solar panels for electricity.

Key idea
Forests

Shelter and food

Dense plant growth feeds and shelters wild animals, birds, and insects.

The Chipko movement

In the early 1970s, women in Uttarakhand hugged trees to stop them from being felled.

Key idea
Soil, Rocks, and Minerals

Soil

Formed as rocks slowly break apart over thousands of years, through Sun, water, and earthworms.

Rocks and minerals

Granite and marble for construction; aluminium, gold, and iron extracted from minerals.

Key idea
Fossil Fuels
Formed from the remains of ancient microorganisms and plants buried underground.

Petroleum

Petrol, diesel, kerosene.

Natural gas

Cooking, CNG for vehicles.

Coal

Generating electricity.

Key idea
Renewable and Non-renewable Resources
Renewable

Replenished naturally within a reasonable time — air, water, forests.

Non-renewable

Take millions of years to form and are limited — coal, petroleum, natural gas, minerals.

Chapter · key terms to remember
Key Terms

Natural resources

Things we get from nature.

Human-made resources

Things people create from natural resources.

Renewable resources

Replenished naturally, e.g. air, water, forests.

Chapter · key terms to remember
More Key Terms

Non-renewable resources

Limited, take ages to form.

Fossil fuels

Coal, petroleum, natural gas.

Rainwater harvesting

Collecting and storing rainwater.

Chapter · key terms to remember
More Key Terms

Soil

Formed from broken-down rock over time.

Minerals

Substances in rocks that metals are extracted from.

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